This one time I had a cat go missing for like a week when I was a kid.
We'd let our cats out of the house but they'd never stray far, and if they stayed gone it was usually only a day max, but after she never came back we figured she was dead. We looked around the neighborhood and called but she never came.
Later that night she comes meowing up to the front door like she'd been gone for an hour, not over a week. She wasn't skinny or sick, so we figured someone was feeding her.
Cats aren't helpless, even if it's cold outside your cat's probably still going to turn up in a day or two. It'll come back once it gets hungry enough or runs out of vermin to kill. It might have found a food dish somewhere else.
But yeah, try leaving out its litter box or some food, your cat will probably smell it and come. They really don't go all that far from home.