I too know nothing about puke other than what i see on my sink, toilet, floor but I know after a few nights of high definition drinking, I was pretty fucked up all day in my state of "recovery" and I ate a grilled chicken sandwhich......I immediately puked and all that came up was the sandwhich. I didn't see any of the M&Ms or chunks of gummi bears I had earlier, so I'll say yes.
It evacuated the evil chicken but kept the much needed sugars.
That aside, if you are talking about drugs.....Those have probably already found their way into your bloodstream.